What is the Difference Between Router and Switch?

Routers and switches are both pieces of networking equipment that help data move across the network to their final location, but they work differently, and actually function at different levels of the networking stack. What is the difference between a router and a switch?
The least intelligent kind of networking device is a hub, which takes data in one port, and then retransmits it out every other port. So any information sent or received by any single computer on a hub is retransmitted to every other computer. This is bad for security, obviously, but it also uses up a lot of bandwidth on the network, as computers have to receive data that they don’t need.

A switch uses a little more intelligence. It learns the IP address of each computer attached to it, by matching up IP addresses with hardware MAC addresses. When data comes into the switch, it only sends data back out the port assigned to that computer’s MAC address. Switches are said to work at a hardware level, and help relieve bandwidth across the network.

A router is the most intelligent networking device. But routers aren’t like really intelligent switches, they actually work in a completely different way. Routers are designed to connect networks together. So, your internal network might have IP addresses, like 192.0.0.100, while your Internet service provider might give your computer an IP address that starts with 64.x.x.x. A router can take internal traffic bound for destinations out on the Internet in general, and route it from your internal network to the external network. Whenever you change networks, you need a router. And vice versa when information comes from the external network to your home network.

     More Difference between router and switch

In those early days when router is router and switch is switch, these two are different in several ways: 
·        Router understand IP head, and switch deal with MAC address 
·        Router has its own IP address(es), and switch don’t 
·        Router has an operating system running inside, and allow administrator to login into the system. 
·        You (network administrator) must configure routing table to make it works. 
·        Switch is usually ready to use. 
·        Router has routing software running inside, including route discovery protocol. 
·        Routing software know how to deal with different IP packet, such as ICMP and other IP option       functionality. Switches don’t. 
·        Multiple routers can be connected together as a network. 
.   You can’t directly multiple switches together to form a large network.

Install win Vista , & win 7 , 2000. 2003, 2008, Linux via Bootable pendrive .

Now You can install windows with your pendrive just follow blow tips .
1.  To make win vista, 7, bootable pen drive u need 4 gb pen drive and if u want xp bootable than u can use 2gb pen drive.
2. Download blow link Software .
http://hotfile.com/dl/110164749/e0ee968/winto_flash.rar.html 
   or 
http://wintoflash.com/download/en/
3.Run win to flash application .
4.Insert your windows cd (which u want make bootable ) in your drive .
5.In windows file select your cd drive letter and usb drive select your pen drive letter path.

6. Click next (wait for few minutes your bootable pen drive will ready .)
7. now u can install windows from usb but remember in your BIOS first device should be usb drive . if there not than u go bios Boot menu and go on hard disk option here u select usb pendrive as your first hard disk .
Now You can install easily.. 

Not able to open drives on hard disk by double click

Sometimes it happens in windows XP that you are not able to open drives on your hard disk. When you double clicking on the drives icons or right click on the drive>>explore in My computer ,the drive does not open.
This problem is generally caused by most of the viruses which infect windows XP system. They block or restrict your access to any of the drives.
But don’t worry this is not a big trouble it can be fixed easily.

Fix:
Normally when a virus infects a windows system which causes a drive opening problem, it automatically creates a file named autorun.inf in the root directory of each drive.
This autorun.inf file is a read only ,hidden and a system file and the folder option is also disabled by the virus. This is deliberately done by the virus in order to protect itself.  autorun.inf initiates all the activities that the virus performs when you try to open any drive.
You have to just delete this file and restart your system to correct this problem.
Follow the set of commands below to show and delete the autorun.inf
1. Open Start>>Run and type cmd and press enter. This will open a command prompt window. On this command prompt window type the following steps.
2. type cd\
3. type attrib -r -h -s autorun.inf
4. type del autorun.inf
5. now type d: and press enter for d: drive partition. Now repeat steps 3 and 4. Similarly repeat step 5 for all your hard disk partition.
Restart your system and your trouble will be fixed.

How to Turn On Facebook Chat on Hotmail and Windows Live Messanger



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facebook chat from hotmailMicrosoft has recently integrated and turned on an interesting feature on Hotmail and Windows Live Messanger. Basically, if you have a Facebook profile and wish to use its chat on your Hotmail web-based email account, you will be able to do it thanks a new set of options which will let you enable and turn on Facebook chat directly inside your Hotmail account. Additionally, users will also be able to see Windows Live Messenger and Facebook friends all grouped together under the same Hotmail account. If you  use Windows Live Messenger instead, you will be able to see  all of your friends (Hotmail and Facebook contacts) directly in your chat client application. This brief guide will show you how to turn on Facebook Chat to Windows Live Messenger and Hotmail.
  1. Login to your Hotmail account.
  2. On the top left side of your Hotmail account, click the Messenger link and from the drop-down menu, click the Profile option.
  3. In the left pane, click Connect that is located under the Connect to section.
  4. Click the Facebook button.
  5. Under the Share on Windows Live section, tick the “Chat with my Facebook friends in Messanger” checkbox.
  6. Click Connect.
  7. At this point, Hotmail will connect to your Facebook account. To do it you will have to login to your Facebook account by using your Facebook username and password.
  8. Click the Allow button to turn on Facebook chat on your Hotmail account.
  9. At this point you have successfully linked your Facebook friends to your Windows Live Messenger as a new Facebook group will appear on your chat client. At the same time, you will also be able to chat with your Facebook friends, directly from your Hotmail inbox by clicking on their names. This will make a small chat window pop-up on your screen.

Add a picture to a folder


1.In Windows Explorer (the program that appears when you open folders such as My Computer, My Documents, My Pictures, or My Music), right-click the folder you want to add a picture to, and then click Properties.
Windows Explorer with Properties selected on a folder shortcut menu
2.In the Properties dialog box, click the Customize tab. If there is no Customize tab, you cannot add a picture to that folder. You can add pictures to other folders, however.
Customize tab in Properties dialog box
3.On the Customize tab, click Choose Picture.
Customize tab in Properties dialog box with Choose Picture button selected
4.In the Browse dialog box, click the picture you want to use, and then click Open.
Browse dialog box with image file selected
5.Click OK.
Customize tab in Properties dialog box with OK button selected
When you view the folder using Thumbnails view, Windows displays a thumbnail of the picture you selected

You Can Change Your profile Colour In Facebook.

Here is the step by step tutorial with screenshots for trick to change the color of facebook.
  1. Open firefox browser. If u don't have Click below link to download . http://www.mozilla.com/en-US/products/download.html?product=firefox-3.6.14&os=win&lang=en-US
  2. Now install the greasemonkey add0n into your browser. To Download click below link https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/greasemonkey/                                              
  3. After installation is complete restart your browser.
  4. Now open facebook and login into your facebook account.
  5. Now goto Tools>Greasemonkey>Userscript Commands>Customise Facebook Colours.

 6.You will now see to boxes with colours.Select the colour you want and click on Set button.